Birth control method:IUDs,implant, birth control pills,safe period

 

Table Of Contents

• 1. Rythm method/safe period for sex
• 2. IUD /IUCD (Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices)
• 3. Birth control implants
• 4. Birth control pill or contraceptive pill
• 5. Surgical method of birth control

Methods that are use to control fertility that is pregnancy known to be birth control or contraception.The term family planning is also used for the same.

Techniques  of birth control may be temporary or permanent.There are many methods are used nowadays to prevent pregnancy.Few days before and after the ovulation is called dangerous period since the chances of pregnancy is high if intercourse takes place.
Sperm can survive up to 2 days in the genital tract of the female.

Some methods are explained below:

Rythm method/safe period for sex:

Knowing exact day of ovulation is the main basis for this birth control method.On 14th day i.e the day of ovulation or after ovulation ovum is fertilzed  in the fallopian tube.Ovum is viable up to 2 days after the ovulation.Leaving this period from involving in intercourse is to prevent pregnancy is called rythm method.

It has some disadvantages as perfect knowledge of menstrual cycle should be known.

Mechanical methods:

Sperm is prevented from entering the uterine cavity. Some devices like condoms which are leak proof latex

sheath.

In females cervical cap or diaphragm.This devices prevent the entry of sperm to the uterus.

IUD /IUCD (Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices):

By this method,some object that are made up of metals or plastic inserted into the uterine cavity that prevents ovum from fertilization and implantation .

How IUD works?

IUCD made from copper have spermicidal action in addition to preventing ovum from implantation and fertilization.

IUD which contain synthetic progesterone ,they releases progesterone slowly and helps marking thick the cervical mucus which in turn prevents the the sperm from entering into the uterus.

Most common IUCD are:

 Lippes loop: It is made up of it's shape is like 'S'.
Copper T:  It is made from copper. It is inserted into the uterine cavity with the help of medical experts.

Limitations of IUCD:

It may cause heavy bleeding in some woman.
It also has tendency to promote infections .
Some times it may come out of the uterus accidentally.

Birth control implants:

This method is a long-term contraceptive method. Couple who wants to avoid pregnancy for long time can use this method. The implants contain progesterone mainly.Implants are incubated under the skin that releases drug slowly.This method can prevent pregnancy up to 4 to 5 years.It is a effective methods for birh control.It may cause amenorrhea.

 Birth control pill or contraceptive pill:

    This pill method of birth control constitute of progesterone and estrogen.

Classical pills or combined pills:

   Constitute of: moderate dose of synthetic eatrogen such as

 estradiol,mestranol  and mild dose synthetic progesterone such as norgestrol.

This are daily pill which are taken from the 5th day to the 25th day of the cycle. After the menstrual bleeding from the 5th day again pills are continued.

Sequential pills:

 This are constitute of high amount of estrogen and moderate content of progesterone.Their function is to prevent ovulation.

     They are taken in two courses: For 15 days daily from 5th to 20th day of cycle   and for the last 5 days that is from 23rd to 28th day of menstrual cycle.

Micropills or minipills:

     

       It is constitute of low content of progesterone only .This pills need take during the whole course of menstrual cycle.This pill doesn't affect the ovulation.Cervical mucosa get thickened by the progesterone which inhibit the motility of sperm .This pills also prevents the implantation of the ovum.

There are some limitations in taking birth control pills.It may increases the stroke risk,heart attack.Hypertension can occur.Clotting tendency of blood get decreased as it inhibit the anticoagulant production in the liver.Risk of breast cancer and breast become tender.But it may diminish the chances of ovarian cancer and Uterine cancer .

Surgical method of birth control:

Tubectomy (in female): It can be done quickly by laparoscope. Here the fallopian tube is cut and both ends ligated which prevents the transport of ovum. During postpartum period it is done through vaginal opening and during othe period it is done by a abdominal incision.

Vasectomy(in males): Here the vas deferens are cut and ligated that prevents the transport of sperm.Local anesthesia is used in this procedure.If needed it can be restored by a plastic tube.

      These are some methods for birth control. In order to know more , contact a health practitioners to guide you accordingly. Hope this was useful to you.